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What Is A
Woofer?

Because they are specifically designed to maximize reproduction of extremely low frequencies, woofers must have cones suspended in such a way as to promote the maximum back and forth motion, called XMAX.

Woofer cones must move in and out with the longest possible extension because sound waves get longer as they get lower in frequency. Current technology provides stiff and rigid cone materials like Polypropylene, Carbon and Polymer Laminates that maintain shape under stress, resist moisture, and are very light.

Because of the powerful dynamic motions of the woofer cone, the frame or basket is often cast in a heavy metal to reduce the tendency for the speaker to "ring" at certain resonant frequencies. This arrangement also allows for the most precise alignment of the voice coil within the magnetic field.

Magnetic structure design is fairly standardized with pole pieces constructed to put a concentrated magnetic field around the voice coil. Over the years, magnetic materials have improved to permit ever-larger concentrations of magnetic energy from smaller quantities of lighter compounds.

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